Track 10: Breast Biology:-
Introduction:-
Breast cancer has a complicated biology that is influenced by a number of variables, both during the early stages and later on. The current review focuses on the role of several important genes, including the oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, retinoic acid receptor-beta, epidermal growth factor receptor family members, p53, BRCA1, and BRCA2, as risk factors for the onset of disease, predictors of prognosis and response to therapy, and as therapeutic targets. All facets of disease management have been greatly impacted by studies of the biology of these and other genes that contribute to the onset and progression of breast cancer and will continue to do so.
Background: Although the discovery of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has generated considerable attention, fewer than 5% of instances of breast cancer are caused by these genes. Sporadic instances make up the rest. According to a reanalysis of a sizable twin research, genetic variables could be very important in sporadic breast and other carcinomas. The polygenetic inheritance of sporadic breast cancer. Each gene only contributes a small portion of the variation, hence it is likely that many genes will interact to provide an additive impact. The length of time that the breast has been exposed to oestrogen is one element that could have an effect on the growth of hormonally sensitive breast cancers. As a result, the earliest age at which menarche begins is one of the demographic risk factors for breast cancer. The premise of the current study was that some genes might operate as independent risk factors for breast cancer, independent risk factors being those that are related to demographic risk variables. Six genes associated with menarche onset time and associated risk variables, according to the authors’ hypothesis, may be candidate genes for breast cancer. They were the genes for leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), catechol-0-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine D (2) receptor (DRD2), oestrogen 1 receptor (ESR1), and androgen receptor (AR).
Methods:-
The researchers looked at 145 gender- and race-matched controls and 67 women with postmenopausal sporadic breast cancer.
The variance (r (2)) of breast cancer was significantly explained by five of these genes, according to the results. Calculations were made for the following r (2) and P values: COMT: 0.073, P or = 0.0001; LEP: 0.073, P or = 0.0001; LEPR: 0.064, P or = 0.0002; AR: 0.040, P or = 0.0035; and DRD2: 0.018, P or = 0.05. They contributed to 24 percent of the variation in breast cancer when taken into account in a multivariate regression analysis (P or = 0.0001). In a group of patients with matched ages, these genes were responsible for 40% of the variation (P or = 0.00001). A breast cancer risk score (BCRS), which has a scale of 0 to 17, was created by adding the individual gene scores. The area under the curve for the whole set and the age-matched set of the BCRS was 0.80 and 0.869, respectively, in a receiver operator characteristic plot of the BCRS evaluation. Between 0.10 and 11.9 was the relative breast cancer risk for each BCRS score.
Conclusions:-
These findings highlight a potentially potent strategy for assessing the cumulative effect of numerous breast cancer risk genes to provide a potentially clinically meaningful evaluation of women’s risk for sporadic breast cancer.
Track 10: Breast Biology:-
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Subtopics of Breast Biology:-
Anatomy of the Breast
Breast Anatomy: Breast Cancer, Breastfeeding, Conditions
Definition of breast – NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
5 functions of the breast
Function of the breast
Parts of the breast and their functions
Breast lobules